Revisiting Code-Switching in TOEFL Instruction: Its Role In Facilitating Students’ Grammatical Proficiency
Keywords:
code switching, pedagogical functions, grammar, linguistic
Abstract
This study examines the use of code-switching by lecturers in the TOEFL ITP preparation class. This class is mandatory for students of Siliwangi University to prepare to meet the graduation requirements. Code Switching is a strategy used to practice switching between two languages in communication. The main function of this strategy is also a pedagogical goal. The study aims to analyze the types of code switching, their use and pedagogical goals. The theories used in this study include pedagogical goals, socio-linguistics and the needs and functions of language learning. The research method used is a quantitative method with survey data collection techniques to analyze simple regression of the relationship between lecturer's code-switching and grammatical understanding in TOEFL Preparation. The research was conducted in the political science department of Siliwangi University. The results of the study showed that there was an influence of 83.2% between the code switching variable and the ability to understand grammar in students majoring in political science at Siliwangi University. Therefore, the hypothesis can be accepted. The code-switching strategies used based on the results of the study include inter-sentential code-switching, intra-sentential code-switching, socio-cultural
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References
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Macaro, E., & Lee, J. H. (2013). Teacher language background, codeswitching, and English-only instruction: Does age make a difference to learners’ attitudes? TESOL Quarterly, 47(4), 717–742. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.74
Nashruddin, N., Aisyah, S., Syam, U. K., Maros, U. M., & Makassar, U. M. (2024). The use of code-switching by the English teacher in teaching-learning activities. Ilmu Budaya, 8(2), 133–144.
Nilep, C. (2006). “ Code Switching ” in Sociocultural Linguistics. Colorado Research in Linguistics, 19(June), 1–22.
Nurhamidah, N., Fauziati, E., & Supriyadi, S. (2018). CODE-SWITCHING IN EFL CLASSROOM: IS IT GOOD OR BAD? Journal of English Education, 3(2), 78–88. https://doi.org/10.31327/jee.v3i2.861
Park, M. S. (2013). Code-switching and Translanguaging: Potential Functions in Multilingual Classrooms. TESOL & Applied Linguistics, 13(2), 50–52.
Patmasari, A., & Kamaruddin, A. (2022). An Investigation of the Use of Code-Switching in EFL Classroom: Attitudes and Perceptions. ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 5, 2022. https://doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v5i2.21006
Poplack, S., Sankoff, D., & Miller, C. (1988a). The social correlates and linguistic processes of lexical borrowing and assimilation*.
Poplack, S., Sankoff, D., & Miller, C. (1988b). The social correlates and linguistic processes of lexical borrowing and assimilation*.
Sert, O. (2001). The Functions of Code Switching in ELT Classrooms. The Internet TESL Journal The.
Sert, O., & Amri, M. (2021). Learning Potentials Afforded by a Film in Task-Based Language Classroom Interactions. Modern Language Journal, 105, 126–141. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12684
Setiawan, B. (2023). Code-Mixing vs Code-Switching: a Study of Grammatical Perspective Through Code-Switching Varieties. KnE Social Sciences, 2023, 47–57. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v8i7.13235
Turnbull, M. (2001). There is a role for the L1 in second and foreign language teaching, but. Canadian Modern Language Review, 57(4). https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.57.4.531
Wang, Y. (2019). Wang 1 The Electronic Journal for English as a Second Language (Vol. 3, Issue 3).
Weinreich, U. (1953). Languages in contact. Linguistic Circle of New York Publication.
Andriani, E., & Ena, O. T. (2022a). Teacher’s Use of Code-switching Types and Functions in Teaching TOEFL and IELTS Preparation Classes. Pedagogy : Journal of English Language Teaching, 10(2), 153. https://doi.org/10.32332/joelt.v10i2.4379
Andriani, E., & Ena, O. T. (2022b). Teacher’s Use of Code-switching Types and Functions in Teaching TOEFL and IELTS Preparation Classes. Pedagogy : Journal of English Language Teaching, 10(2), 153. https://doi.org/10.32332/joelt.v10i2.4379
Bakken, J. P. (2016). General and special education inclusion in an age of change: An introduction. Advances in Special Education, 31, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0270-401320160000031001
Bonyadi, A., Kalvanagh, M. K., & Bonyadi, M. (2021). Teachers’ Perceptions on Code-Switching in EFL Classroom Discourse. Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education, 12(2), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.2478/dcse-2021-0015
Fareed, M., Humayun, S., & Akhtar, H. (2016a). English Language Teachers’ Code-switching in Class: ESL Learners’ Perceptions. Journal of Education & Social Sciences, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.20547/jess0411604101
Fareed, M., Humayun, S., & Akhtar, H. (2016b). English Language Teachers’ Code-switching in Class: ESL Learners’ Perceptions. Journal of Education & Social Sciences, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.20547/jess0411604101
Fauzan Nugraha, I. (2019a). Students’ Perception on The Use of Code-Switching in English Classroom. PROJECT, 2(2).
Fauzan Nugraha, I. (2019b). Students’ Perception on The Use of Code-Switching in English Classroom. PROJECT, 2(2).
Golubovich, J., Tolentino, F., & Papageorgiou, S. (2018). Examining the Applications and Opinions of the TOEFL ITP® Assessment Series Test Scores in Three Countries. ETS Research Report Series, 2018(1), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/ets2.12231
Gumperz, J. J. (1982). Discourse strategies: Studies in interactional sociolinguistics. Cambridge University Press.
Hall, J. K., Cheng, A., & Carlson, M. T. (2006). Reconceptualizing multicompetence as a theory of language knowledge. In Applied Linguistics (Vol. 27, Issue 2, pp. 220–240). https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/aml013
Jiang, S., Ma, L., & Chen, B. (2023). Dynamic engagement of cognitive control in intra-sentential code-switching during comprehension. Bilingualism, 26(1), 62–77. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728922000323
Jogulu, L. N., & Radzi, N. S. M. (2018). Code Switching as A Learning Strategy in Polytechnic ESL Classroom: Exploring Perceived Functions and Lecturers-Students’ Attitudes. In International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling (Vol. 3, Issue 12).
Luo, Y. (2019). Chinese University Students’ Perceptions of teacher Code-switching in EFL Speaking Classrooms. English Language Teaching, 12(11), 119. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n11p119
Macaro, E., Guo, T., Chen, H., & Tian, L. (2009). Can differential processing of L2 vocabulary inform the debate on teacher code-switching behaviour? The case of chinese learners of english. In Vocabulary Studies in First and Second Language Acquisition: The Interface Between Theory and Application (pp. 125–146). https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230242258
Macaro, E., & Lee, J. H. (2013). Teacher language background, codeswitching, and English-only instruction: Does age make a difference to learners’ attitudes? TESOL Quarterly, 47(4), 717–742. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.74
Nashruddin, N., Aisyah, S., Syam, U. K., Maros, U. M., & Makassar, U. M. (2024). The use of code-switching by the English teacher in teaching-learning activities. Ilmu Budaya, 8(2), 133–144.
Nilep, C. (2006). “ Code Switching ” in Sociocultural Linguistics. Colorado Research in Linguistics, 19(June), 1–22.
Nurhamidah, N., Fauziati, E., & Supriyadi, S. (2018). CODE-SWITCHING IN EFL CLASSROOM: IS IT GOOD OR BAD? Journal of English Education, 3(2), 78–88. https://doi.org/10.31327/jee.v3i2.861
Park, M. S. (2013). Code-switching and Translanguaging: Potential Functions in Multilingual Classrooms. TESOL & Applied Linguistics, 13(2), 50–52.
Patmasari, A., & Kamaruddin, A. (2022). An Investigation of the Use of Code-Switching in EFL Classroom: Attitudes and Perceptions. ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 5, 2022. https://doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v5i2.21006
Poplack, S., Sankoff, D., & Miller, C. (1988a). The social correlates and linguistic processes of lexical borrowing and assimilation*.
Poplack, S., Sankoff, D., & Miller, C. (1988b). The social correlates and linguistic processes of lexical borrowing and assimilation*.
Sert, O. (2001). The Functions of Code Switching in ELT Classrooms. The Internet TESL Journal The.
Sert, O., & Amri, M. (2021). Learning Potentials Afforded by a Film in Task-Based Language Classroom Interactions. Modern Language Journal, 105, 126–141. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12684
Setiawan, B. (2023). Code-Mixing vs Code-Switching: a Study of Grammatical Perspective Through Code-Switching Varieties. KnE Social Sciences, 2023, 47–57. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v8i7.13235
Turnbull, M. (2001). There is a role for the L1 in second and foreign language teaching, but. Canadian Modern Language Review, 57(4). https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.57.4.531
Wang, Y. (2019). Wang 1 The Electronic Journal for English as a Second Language (Vol. 3, Issue 3).
Weinreich, U. (1953). Languages in contact. Linguistic Circle of New York Publication.
Published
2025-04-19
How to Cite
Arya Putra, A. M., Bram, B., & Ena, O. T. (2025). Revisiting Code-Switching in TOEFL Instruction: Its Role In Facilitating Students’ Grammatical Proficiency. Eduvelop: Journal of English Education and Development , 8(2), 201-220. https://doi.org/10.31605/eduvelop.v8i2.4883
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 Akbar Mandala Arya Putra, Barli Bram, Ouda Teda Ena
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.