THE ANALYSIS OF POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN BUGINESE BONE LANGUAGE

: This study was aimed to investigate the kind politeness strategies used by Buginese Bone in several situations. The source of data was verbal utterances by Buginese Bone. This study used pragmatic study especially theory of politeness by Brown and Levinson. It also used the qualitative descriptive method. The writer used observation by recording and note-taking providing the technique of collecting data. The result of the study showed that the types of politeness strategies used in Buginese Bone are; Negative Politeness, Off-record which found in the interaction between strangers, local inhabitants, family members, superior and subordinate. While, positive politeness is appeared in the interaction between friends. The implication of this research was intended for making good interaction when interacting to other people. The writers also suggest that for further research to investigate the same field in terms of semantics. The implication of the study is to encourage the reader how important to apply the politeness in interacting to the people. The more the speaker speaks polite, the more she/he shows what the speaker she/he is.


INTRODUCTION
Language is a tool of humans to communicate each other through signs or simbols such as words and body languages. Stanlaw et al., (2018:2) stated that Language is involved in a wide variety of human situations, perhaps every situation. In addition,  stated that language is a means of obtaining cultural and other knowledge through conversation.
Moreover, according to (Idris et al., 2020;Yulianti et al., 2022), they stated that the intricacy and precision of the words or language they employ are crucial factors in determining politeness in conversation. In line with Sahib et al., (2021), they noted that people use multilingual languages to practice communicating with people.
The use of language in communication is a part of pragmatics study. It is put in place in order to create a happy connection and good communication Bachriani et al., (2018) ;Aswad, et al., (2019). In addition, Brown and Levinson (1987:9) stated that Pragmatics is the study of the relation between language and context. While, Mey (2001:6) stated that pragmatics studies the use of language in human communication as determined by the condition of society. Thus, in Pragmatics, the meaning of language is depend from the context and condition of community. One of important aspect of pragmatics competence is politeness which was established by Brown and Levinson in 1987. They stated that politeness is prototypically exhibited in conversation and other kinds of face to face interchange, and so other approaches to discourse analysis, using the different kinds of text (predominantly narrative) have contributed less our theme. The knowledge of politeness has an influential role in the social interaction. Moreover, it is said to be primarily motivated by a desire to develop a more universal and effective framework for elucidating politeness in people of various linguistic and cultural backgrounds Yassi (2018). Brown and Levinson (1987:60) categorized politeness strategy types into: Bald on record (The speaker want to communicate content directly and to the point without any ambiguity), Positive Politeness (The speaker want to treating as member of group or friend), off-record (The speaker want to treat imposition as so great with do not talk directly and make the ambiguity meaning. The term "combination" in grammar refers to the process of creating a holistic approach Tahir et al., (2018). Negative Politeness (The people want to maintain claims of territory and self determination) and Do not do FTA (The speaker avoid offending hearer at all with this particular FTA and of course the speaker fails to achieve his desired communication). Based on the explaination, this paper will be discussed about the politeness strategy of social interaction in Buginese Bone by using Brown and Levinson theory. The data will be obtained from utterances of Buginese native speakers by recording and note-taking. After collecting the data, it will be categorized in five types of politeness strategies by Brown and Levinson.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
Base on the discussion from the previous section, the objective of this study is formulated as follows: 1) to find the politeness strategy of social interaction in Buginese Bone by using Brown and Levinson theory and, 2) to obtain from utterances of Buginese native speakers by recording and note-taking. The strategy to achieve those two objectives above are designed through the method as in the objective of the study, after collecting the data, it will be categorized in five types of politeness strategies by Brown and Levinson.

Pragmatics
Language is a tool of communication to convey message from the speaker to the hearer. Language and context cannot be separated in conveying message. So, one of studies explained about language and context is Pragmatic. According to Crystal (1987: 120) mentioned that pragmatics studies the factors that govern our choice of language in social interaction and the effects of our choice on others.
This definition already emphasized the absolute roles that context and language users (speaker and hearer) play. The former is instrumental in framing language users' choices of linguistic means for optimal communication outcomes, while the later are solely responsible for the awareness of context or speech environment in which they are to perform certain functions via language or to fulfill specific objectives by utilizing available linguistic means within their capability.
According to Mey (1993:42) pragmatics is the study of the conditions of human language uses as these are determined by the context of society. As mentioned by Levinson (1983:9) pragmatic is the study of just those aspect of the relationship between language and context that are relevant to the writing of grammars. So does Leech (1983:6) defines pragmatics as the study of meaning in relation to speech situations. The speech situation enables the speaker use language to achieve a particular effect on the mind of the hearer. Thus, the speech is goaloriented i.e. the meaning which the speaker or writer intends to communicate.

Journal of English Education and Development
Universitas Sulawesi Barat  Grice's (1975)  This concept views human beings with all their respect for inherent human rights to him without recognizing differences in physical conditions, social status and economic status. The second concept is sipakalebbi. Sipakalebbi is defined as "mutual respect". Sipakalebbi is a concept that views humans as creatures who enjoy being praised and treated accordingly. So that, every human being naturally wants to be respected. Humans deserve to be treated according to their atmosphere, to anyone who be in that condition will be happy and excited. The attitude of sipakalebbi will make anyone will enjoy life as a beauty.
The third concept is sipakainge. Sipakainge means "to remind each other". Sipakainge is a concept that views humans as beings who have advantages and deficiency. Humans are creatures who often forget so that every human being is obliged to remind and advise each other towards goodness. respective advantages. Praise each other will create a fun and exciting. Brown and Levinson (1987: 60)  Positive face refers to every individual's basic desire for their public self-image that wants to be shown engagement, ratification, and appreciation from others the want to be wanted.
The FTA is performed utilizing strategies oriented towards the positive face threat to the hearer (Bousfield, 2008: 57). The positive politeness shows that the speaker recognizes the hearer has desire to be respected. It also confirms that the relationship is friendly and it expresses group reciprocity. This type of strategy is usually seen in the groups of friends or where the people in the social situation know each other fairly well.
Here, the threat to face is relatively low. It usually tries to minimize the distance between them by expressing friendly statement and solid interest in the hearer's needs. And according to Brown and Levinson in Bousfield (2008: 57) Of course, if he is desperate, he could secretly 'borrow' the lawnmower without asking and without the addressee knowing, but if this ever becomes known, it would constitute a very serious face-threatening act (Watts, 2003: 93).

METHOD
The method applied in this stud is descriptive and qualitative in manner. Since the researcher

Participants
The writer took the spoken data from both English and Buginese. The way to determine participants is to ask for their willingness and willingness to respond to the researcher during this research, this strategy is needed to ensure that the respondent will provide data according to the needs of the researcher so that this research can run well. This principle of participant selection is very commonly used in research models like this. Specifically, in this study, the terms and categories of participants were determined according to the theory proposed using Brown and Levinson's Theory.

Data Analysis
In this study, the writer used the politeness strategies by Brown and Levinson. In the beginning,

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
The Politeness Strategies is used by Buginese Bone

Datum 1
This is the interaction between stranger who looking for the address of her family and ask to the local inhabitant. A is the stranger and B is local inhabitant. The datum 1 above shows that the two participants are using negative politeness with using honorifics -tabe, -iye (-iyo is impolite), -ki' (-ko is impolite) in the word ki' mai as the polite form to say good bye in English. It tends to show deference.

The Interaction between Local Inhabitant
Datum 2 This is the interaction between neighbor. A and B are neighborhood. (I see, I will go later) A: Iya, engkami tu ku laleng kulkas e.
(Yah, those are in the refrigerator) The datum 2 above shows the conversation of two close neighbors. The first utterance of speaker A is a kind of indirect language. She utters it without mention of an act to be requested, it only hinted and left for hearer or speaker B to infer it. Then, the speaker B is directly understood. It is the kind of off-record.

Datum 2
This is the interaction between close friends. (Wih do not say like that, why all people say like that to me? Marni also said like that too).

A:
Memeng. (Certainly) Datum 3 above shows positive politeness, when the speaker A mentions the name of speaker B directly. The use of -mu and -ko by both of them is also the kinds of direct form to say you in English (-ta is the polite form).

Datum 4
This is the interaction between brother and sister. A is sister and B is brother. Engka tu mbe kudung ku kutu.
(There is my veil next to you anyway) B: Ku tega?
(It is that next to the sofa's pillow) B: Oh... e...
(Oh, here you are) The datum 4 above shows the conversation between sister and brother. The sister starts the conversation using indirect language when she asks for her veil to her brother. Her need is only hinted not mentioned and let the brother to infer the need.
Whereas, she actually wants to say that "give me my veil that next to you" but she says it with very soft and indirect to avoid imposition. Thus, the conversation above is contained off-record.

The Interaction between Family Members as Inferior and Superior
Datum 5 This is the interaction between father and daughter. A is father and B is daughter. (Here you are dad) The datum 5 above represents the same politeness strategies used by the participants that is negative politeness. The polite form of it such as iye (iyo is impolite), tabe or sorry or excuse me in English, nak and pak.

Datum 6
This is the interaction between head of Public Health Centre and nurse. A is head and B is nurse.