Manuscript Writing

The anonymous manuscript should be written in English, and it is highly recommended to obtain English language editing services before the script is sent to Sandeq Media Journal

Manuscript must be typed in Microsoft Word using Calibri, 1.5-spaced, printed on A4-size paper, and limited to a maximum of 15 pages, including tables, figures, and references.

Any use of artificial intelligence (AI) in manuscript preparation, including the creation of tables or figures, must be clearly declared by the authors in the Pre-Reviewed Discussion section. The allowable level of AI utilization is limited to 20%.

There are several supplementary files in addition to the main manuscript:

1. Ethics statement letter with stamp duty (not eMaterai) (Rp. 10.000), (hardcopy sent to: Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya, Gedung A (GPP) 5. Jl. Veteran Malang
2. Author data
3. Language editing certificate from a language institution (not TOEFL)
4. Ethical Clearance / Exemption Letter/ Informed Consent,
5. Data Statistics
6. High-resolution graphics or figures

The writing system should meet the following conditions:

Font:

• Title: 12 pt
• Abstract: 10 pt
• Main text: 10 pt
• Table/Figure titles: 9 pt
• Table content (main text inside tables): 8 pt
• Figure/Table captions and notes: 8 pt

ABSTRACT

• Maximum length: 250 words
• Must contain two abstracts: English and Indonesian
• Written in one justified paragraph:
  • English abstract: italicized
  • Indonesian abstract: non italicized

• Keywords must reflect the main and critical research variables
• The abstract should implicitly present: background, objectives, methods, results, and conclusions

INTRODUCTION

• Format: One column, justified alignment
• Written ini pragraph form without bullet points
• Must describe: research background, existing alternative approaches, hypothesis, and research objectives
• Citations must follow the Vancouver referencing style, with format: (sentence). (1)

METHODS

• Should ideally be written in narrative paragraph form without subheadings
• If subheadings are required, they may be included with the following format:
  • Italicized, not bold, in Title Case
• Must describe: materials, instruments, sample/subject criteria, research protocol, data analysis techniques, and other essential details only
• Methods must be written in complete declarative sentences, not in instructional command form
  • Incorrect example: "Measure 5 ml of serum..."
  • Correct example: " Serum sample of 5 ml was measured using..."

RESULT

• Must present findings in clear, concise narrative sentences
• Should include:
  • Research outcomes
  • Statistical analysis interpretations
  • Key supporting data only (e.g., tables or figures)
• Do not duplicate data presentation between text and tables/figures. Choose only one format for the same result (table or figure, not both)
• Avoid reading statistics mechanically; emphasize the meaning and implication of statistical results. The characteristics table does not need to be included unless it directly aligns with research objectives; otherwise, describe narratively
• All tables/figures must be interpreted narratively, not rewritten verbatim from the table

Table Formatting Rules

• Use only 3 horizontal lines:
  • 2 lines above (enclosing the table header)
  • 1 line at the bottom (closing the table)
• No vertical lines allowed
• Font size inside tables: 8 pt
• Table alignment:
  • < 3columns or non-wide tables: single-column, justified
  • 3 columns or wide tables: centered on the page

Figure Formatting Rules

• Centered or single-column placement, depending on space requirements
• Figure titles must be bold, centered
• No bounding box or colored background allowed
• Graphs should remain in black or grayscale tones only, without additional color highlights

DISCUSSION

• Must present a logical synthesis of findings, theoretical interpretation, potential causal factors, practical and theoretical implications, and research limitations
• Must include:
  
  • Explanation of findings using relevant theories or previous studies (aligned or contradictory). Possible reasons for data supporting or contradicting the hypothesis
  • Practical and theoretical extrapolations
  • Research limitations, impact of limitations, and mitigation strategies
• Must end with a summary statement and conclusion in the final paragraph
• Citations must follow Vancouver style (sentence). (1)

Conclusion

• Must be written in the final paragraph of the Discussion section
• Contains:
  
  • A concise, clear statement on the relationship between the main research variables
  • Written in one paragraph, justified, without bullet points
  • Must not include recommendations or suggestions

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Optional (may be included or omitted)

REFERENCES

Substance Requirements

• References must be published within the last 10 years
• Minimum 80% of references must be primary sources
• Disallowed references include: general magazines, newspapers, brochures, personal blogs, and non- official institutional websites without scientific accountability

Reference Writing Examples:

Journal Article

Boddie AM, Dedlow ES, Nakashi JA, Opalko FJ, and Kouwell GP. Folate Absorption in Women with a History of Neural Tube Defect–Affected Pregnancy. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2000; 72: 154–158.

Book

Rhoades R, and Pflanzer R. Human Physiology. 3rd ed. Orlando, FL: Saunders College Publishing; 1996: 137–350.

Book Chapter

Katzung BG, and Chatterjee K. Vasodilators and the Treatment of Angina Pectoris. In: Katzung BG, ed. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 6th ed. Jakarta: EGC; 1998:184–201.

Conference Proceedings

Abdurrahman. Multidisciplinary Approach in the Management of Musculoskeletal Pathology. In: Proceeding of the Indonesian Musculoskeletal Pathology Scientific Meeting & Workshop. Surabaya, March 22–23, 2003: 1–8.

Thesis/Dissertation

Hoving EW. Frontoethmoidal Encephalocele: A Study of Pathogenesis. [Dissertation]. Rijk University, Groningen; 1993.

Internet Station

Narvskaya O, Mokrousow L, Limeschenko E, et al. Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains from the Northwest region of Russia. (Online). [Accessed September 5, 2008].