Keterlibatan Amerika Serikat dalam Konflik Suriah sebagai Konsekuensi dari Politik Engtangling Alliance
Keywords:
Konflik Suriah, Implementasi Kebijakan AS, Entangling Alliance
Abstract
Banyak negara-negara di dunia yang membangun hubungan melalui berbagai perjanjian, baik dalam bidang ekonomi, politik maupun militer. Hal ini kemudian menyebabkan adanya hubungan antar negara yang cenderung mengikat. Hal ini terjadi kepada Amerika pada keterlibatannya dalam konflik Suriah. Banyak faktor yang menyebabkan Amerika untuk terlibat di konflik Suriah, salah satunya adalah keterlibatan sekutu-sekutu Amerika dalam konflik tersebut. Pada penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode library research. Pada tahap awal penulis melakukan penentuan topik penelitian. Setelah menemukan topik penelitian, penulis kemudian menggunakan berbagai teori dan konsep dalam hubungan internasional. Teori yang digunakan adalah neorealisme, balance of power dan entangling alliance. Penulis mengumpulkan berbagai data yang dikelompokkan menjadi analisis menggunakan data mengenai situasi Suriah, implementasi kebijakan AS dan lainnya. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari berbagai sumber. Terdapat banyak aktor yang terlibat dalam konflik di Suriah. Aktor-aktor tersebut memiliki peran masing-masing dalam konflik ini. Aktor-aktor domestik yang menjadi oposisi Assad diantaranya adalah National Coalition dan beberapa kelompok bersenjata lainnya. Sedangkan Partai Ba’ath, Institusi Keamanan dan kelompok agama minoritas memilih untuk mendukung pemerintahan Assad. Program Pelatihan dan Perlengkapan AS untuk Kelompok Oposisi, Bantuan Kemanusiaan, Sanksi Ekonomi AS. Keterlibatan Amerika Serikat dalam konflik Suriah bukan semata-mata atas dasar kepentingan Amerika untuk membantu warga Suriah, namun hal ini didorong oleh keterlibatan sekutu-sekutu Amerika Serikat, sehingga secara moral Amerika Serikat harus terlibat dalam konflik itu demi menjaga hubungannya dengan sekutu-sekutunya. Sesuai dengan konsep entangling alliance yang menyatakan bahwa negara dapat terlibat dalam suatu permasalahan sebagai hasil dari keterikatannya terhadap sekutu-sekutunya.
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Al-Jazeera. (2015, May 25). Nasrallah: Hezbollah to increase presence in Syria. Diperoleh dari Al-Jazeera: http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/05/nasrallah-hezbollah-increase-presence-syria-150524233716453.html
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BBC. (2016). Who are the Kurds?. Diperoleh dari http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29702440
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Calamur, K. (2013, August 28). Who Are Syria's Friends And Why Are They Supporting Assad? Diperoleh dari http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2013/08/28/216385513/who-are-syrias-friends-and-why-are-they-supporting-assad
Choucair, C. (2016, June 01). Hezbollah in Syria: Gains, Losses and Changes. Diperoleh dari Al-Jazeera: http://studies.aljazeera.net/en/reports/2016/06/hezbollah-syria-gains-losses-160601093443171.html
CNN. (2017, April 17). ISIS Fast Facts. Diperoleh dari CNN: http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/08/world/isis-fast-facts/index.html
Congressional Research Service . (2016). Armed Conflict in Syria: Overview and U.S. Response. Diperoleh dari http://www.crs.gov/
David Blair, R. S. (2012, August 7). Syria: Iran vows it will not allow Assad to fall”. . Diperoleh dari “The Telegraph: http://goo.gl/wB1yne
Executive Order 13573 of May 18, 2011. (n.d.). Diperoleh dari https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-05-20/pdf/2011-12645.pdf
Global Security. (n.d.). Islamic Jihad for the Liberation of Palestine . Diperoleh dari Global Security: http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/hizballah.htm
Global Security. (n.d.). Supreme Military Council Command. Diperoleh dari Global Security: http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/smcc.htm
Hutt, R. (2016, October). This map shows how much territory ISIS has lost in 2016. Diperoleh dari We Forum: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/10/this-map-shows-how-much-territory-isis-has-lost-in-2016/
Irish, J. (2012, February 04). France, partners planning Syria crisis group: Sarkozy. Diperoleh dari Reuters: http://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-france-idUSTRE8130QV20120204
Levitt, M. (2013, February 15). The Hezbollah Connection in Syria and Iran. Diperoleh dari Council on Foreign Relations: http://www.cfr.org/iran/hezbollah-connection-syria-iran/p30005
Lieberthal, K. G. (2011, 12 21). The American Pivot to Asia. Diperoleh dari www.brookings.edu: https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-american-pivot-to-asia/
Lynch, M. (2014). Diffusion and demonstration. In B. V. Patel D, The Arab Uprisings Explained: New Contentious Politics in the Middle East (pp. 57–74.). New York:: Columbia University Press,.
Mahmoud, K. W. (2014). Where does Jordan stand on the Syrian Crisis? Diperoleh dari Middle East Monitor: https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20140124-where-does-jordan-stand-on-the-syrian-crisis/
Military Times. (2017, January 21). Report: ISIS lost a quarter of its territory in 2016. Diperoleh dari Military Times: http://www.militarytimes.com/articles/report-isis-lost-a-quarter-of-its-territory-in-2016
NGO Syria. (n.d.). Syria has been under dictatorship rule for over 40 years. Diperoleh dari http://ngosyria.org/Event/Syria_has_been_under_dictatorship_rule_for_over_40_years
O'Bagy, E. (2013). The Free Syrian Army, Middle East Security Report. Diperoleh dari Understanding War: http://www.understandingwar.org/report/free-syrian-army
Phillips, C. (n.d.). Syria’s Bloody Arab Spring. Diperoleh dari https://www.lse.ac.uk/IDEAS/publications/reports/pdf/SR011/FINAL_LSE_IDEAS__SyriasBloodyArabSpring_Phillips.pdf
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affair. (n.d.). Turkey’s Contributions to International Community’s Efforts to Fight Terrorism. Diperoleh dari Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs: http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-contributions-to-international-community_s-efforts-to-fight-terrorism.en.mfa
Roth, R. (2017, April 12). Russia vetoes UN resolution on Syria. Diperoleh dari CNN : http://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/12/politics/assad-syria-sarin-gas/ ,
Samii, A. W. (2008). A Stable Structure on Shifting Sands: Assessing the Hizbullah-Iran-Syria Relationship. Diperoleh dari Sino- West: http://www.sino-west.org/sjtu/Stable.pdf
Simmons, A. M. (2017, April 06). Russia has been Assad's greatest ally — as it was to his father before him. Diperoleh dari Los Angeles Times: http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-syria-russia-20170406-story.html
The White House . (2007, November 5). President Bush and Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan. Diperoleh dari Turkish Coalition of America: http://www.tc-america.org/issues-information/us-turkey-relations/discuss-global-war-on-terror-149.htm
The White House . (2008, May ). President Bush Addresses Members of the Knesset. Diperoleh dari The White House : http://www.cfr.org/israel/president-bush-addresses-members-knesset-may-2008/p16267
The White House . (2012). Executive Order. Diperoleh dari The White House: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2012/04/23/executive-order-blocking-property-and-suspending-entry-united-states-cer
The White House. (2011, December 16). Remarks by the President at the 71st General Assembly of the Union for Reform Judaism . Diperoleh dari The White House: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/12/16/remarks-president-71st-general-assembly-union-reform-judaism
The White House. (2011, August 18). Statement by President Obama on the Situation in Syria. Diperoleh dari The White House: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/08/18/statement-president-obama-situation-syria
Turkish Coalition of America. (n.d.). U.S.-Turkey Relations. Diperoleh dari Turkish Coalition of America: http://www.tc-america.org/issues-information/us-turkey-relations-27.htm
U.S. Department of State . (2016, December 23). US Department of State. Diperoleh dari U.S. Relations With Turkey: https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3432.htm
U.S. Department of State. (2016, September 27). U.S. Humanitarian Assistance in Response to the Syrian Crisis. Diperoleh dari U.S. Department of State: https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2016/09/262482.htm
U.S. Office of the Historian. (n.d.). A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Israel. Diperoleh dari U.S. Office of the Historian: https://history.state.gov/countries/israel
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2016). Syria Regional Refugee Response. Diperoleh dari http://unhcr.org: http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php
USAID. (2016, September 16). SYRIA COMPLEX EMERGENCY - FACT SHEET #5. Diperoleh dari USAID: https://www.usaid.gov/crisis/syria/fy16/fs05
White, G. (2013, May 29). Hezbollah’s War in Syria: Military Implications. Diperoleh dari Washington Institute for Near East Policy: http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/ar/policy-analysis/view/Hizbullahs-declaration-of-war-in-syria-military-implications
Zahriyeh, E. (2015, January 28). What is Hezbollah? Diperoleh dari Al-jazeera: http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/1/28/what-is-hezbollah.html,
Zorthian, J. (2015). Who's Fighting Who In Syria. Diperoleh dari Time: http://time.com/4059856/syria-civil-war-explainer/
Published
2023-06-27
How to Cite
Kusmin, A. F., Danar Hafidz Adi Wardhana, Muhammad Sajidin, Dewi Nuraliah, Nurfadilah Nasiruddin, & Rezky Ramadhan Antuli. (2023). Keterlibatan Amerika Serikat dalam Konflik Suriah sebagai Konsekuensi dari Politik Engtangling Alliance. Jurnal Arajang, 6(1), 22-38. https://doi.org/10.31605/arajang.v6i1.2769
Section
Articles
