The Effect of Providing Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation on Student Learning Difficulties
Keywords:
Extrinsic Motivation; Intrinsic Motivation; Learning Difficulties; Junior High School Students
Abstract
This study aims to understand the combined effect of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on students' learning difficulties at the junior secondary school level. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. The informants consisted of 10 people, including students with learning difficulties, subject teachers, guidance and counselling (BK) teachers, and parents. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and participant observation in the classroom to see the implementation of motivational strategies in the learning process. Interviews were conducted to obtain informants' perspectives on motivation and learning difficulties. Data were analysed using thematic analysis method and data triangulation to ensure the validity of the findings. The results show that the combination of extrinsic motivation, such as rewards and praise, with intrinsic motivation, such as curiosity and personal interest, can have a significant synergistic effect in reducing students' learning difficulties. This research is expected to contribute to the literature on motivation in educational contexts and provide practical guidance for educators in developing effective motivational strategies to support students with learning difficulties.
References
Akkermans, J., Paradniké, K., Van Der Heijden, B. I. J. M., & De Vos, A. (2018). The Best Of Both Worlds: The Role Of Career Adaptability And Career Competencies In Students’ Well-Being And Performance. Frontiers In Psychology, 9, 1678.
Amabile, T. M. (1993). Motivational Synergy: Toward New Conceptualizations Of Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation In The Workplace. Human Resource Management Review, 3(3), 185–201.
Attig, C., & Franke, T. (2019). I Track, Therefore I Walk–Exploring The Motivational Costs Of Wearing Activity Trackers In Actual Users. International Journal Of Human-Computer Studies, 127, 211–224.
Bhaduri, S., & Kumar, H. (2011). Extrinsic And Intrinsic Motivations To Innovate: Tracing The Motivation Of ‘Grassroot’ Innovators In India. Mind & Society, 10, 27–55.
Chernomas, W. M., & Shapiro, C. (2013). Stress, Depression, And Anxiety Among Undergraduate Nursing Students. International Journal Of Nursing Education Scholarship, 10(1), 255–266.
Chitiyo, J., & Pietrantoni, Z. (2019). The Impact Of Child Maltreatment On The Educational And Psychological Well-Being Of Students. Journal Of School Counseling, 17(18), N18.
Copp, D. (1997). Belief, Reason, And Motivation: Michael Smith’s" The Moral Problem". Ethics, 108(1), 33–54.
Cortiella, C., & Horowitz, S. H. (2014). The State Of Learning Disabilities: Facts, Trends And Emerging Issues. New York: National Center For Learning Disabilities, 25(3), 2–45.
Curcio, G., Ferrara, M., & De Gennaro, L. (2006). Sleep Loss, Learning Capacity And Academic Performance. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 10(5), 323–337.
Emda, A. (2018). Kedudukan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Dalam Pembelajaran. Lantanida Journal, 5(2), 172–182.
Filgona, J., Sakiyo, J., Gwany, D. M., & Okoronka, A. U. (2020). Motivation In Learning. Asian Journal Of Education And Social Studies, 10(4), 16–37.
Gunarsa, S. D. (2008). Psikologi Perkembangan Anak Dan Remaja. BPK Gunung Mulia.
Hamouda, A. (2013). An Exploration Of Causes Of Saudi Students’ Reluctance To Participate In The English Language Classroom. International Journal Of English Language Education, 1(1), 17–34.
Handayani, R. (2019). Pengaruh Lingkungan Tempat Tinggal Dan Pola Asuh Orangtua Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Tunas Bangsa, 6(1), 15–26.
Indonesia, T. R. K. B. B. (2018). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia.
John, D., Hussin, N., Zaini, M. K., Ametefe, D. S., Aliu, A. A., & Caliskan, A. (2023). Gamification Equilibrium: The Fulcrum For Balanced Intrinsic Motivation And Extrinsic Rewards In Learning Systems: Immersive Gamification In Muhamad Khairulnizam Zainilearning System. International Journal Of Serious Games, 10(3), 83–116.
Kanfer, R. (1990). Motivation Theory And Industrial And Organizational Psychology. Handbook Of Industrial And Organizational Psychology, 1(2), 75–130.
Kumar, B., Shah, M. A. A., Kumari, R., Kumar, A., Kumar, J., & Tahir, A. (2019). Depression, Anxiety, And Stress Among Final-Year Medical Students. Cureus, 11(3).
Leonard, K. L., Serneels, P., & Brock, J. M. (2013). Intrinsic Motivation. The Labor Market For Health Workers In Africa: A New Look At The Crisis, 255–283.
Locke, E. A., & Schattke, K. (2019). Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation: Time For Expansion And Clarification. Motivation Science, 5(4), 277.
Malik, M. A. R., Choi, J. N., & Butt, A. N. (2019). Distinct Effects Of Intrinsic Motivation And Extrinsic Rewards On Radical And Incremental Creativity: The Moderating Role Of Goal Orientations. Journal Of Organizational Behavior, 40(9–10), 1013–1026.
Malik, R. S. (2018). Educational Challenges In 21st Century And Sustainable Development. Journal Of Sustainable Development Education And Research, 2(1), 9–20.
Malone, T. W., & Lepper, M. R. (2021). Making Learning Fun: A Taxonomy Of Intrinsic Motivations For Learning. In Aptitude, Learning, And Instruction (Pp. 223–254). Routledge.
Matondang, A. (2018). Pengaruh Antara Minat Dan Motivasi Dengan Prestasi Belajar. Bahastra: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 2(2), 24–32.
Morales-Rodríguez, F. M., Espigares-López, I., Brown, T., & Pérez-Mármol, J. M. (2020). The Relationship Between Psychological Well-Being And Psychosocial Factors In University Students. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 17(13), 4778.
Oudeyer, P.-Y., Gottlieb, J., & Lopes, M. (2016). Intrinsic Motivation, Curiosity, And Learning: Theory And Applications In Educational Technologies. Progress In Brain Research, 229, 257–284.
Parfit, D., & Broome, J. (1997). Reasons And Motivation. Proceedings Of The Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volumes, 71, 99–146.
Quinlan, M. M., Bates, B. R., & Angell, M. E. (2012). ‘What Can I Do To Help?’: Postsecondary Students With Learning Disabilities’ Perceptions Of Instructors’ Classroom Accommodations. Journal Of Research In Special Educational Needs, 12(4), 224–233.
Robinson, L. J., Stevens, L. H., Threapleton, C. J. D., Vainiute, J., Mcallister-Williams, R. H., & Gallagher, P. (2012). Effects Of Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation On Attention And Memory. Acta Psychologica, 141(2), 243–249.
Seven, M. A. (2020). Motivation In Language Learning And Teaching. African Educational Research Journal, 8, 62–71.
Sverdlik, A., Hall, N. C., Mcalpine, L., & Hubbard, K. (2018). The Phd Experience: A Review Of The Factors Influencing Doctoral Students’ Completion, Achievement, And Well-Being. International Journal Of Doctoral Studies, 13, 361–388.
Thaariq, Z. Z. A., Kuswandi, D., Diana, R. C., & Shelinawati, U. (2019). Factors That Influence Outstanding Student (Mawapres) In Learning Motivation. JPP (Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran), 26(2), 60–64.
Trevino, N. N., & Defreitas, S. C. (2014). The Relationship Between Intrinsic Motivation And Academic Achievement For First Generation Latino College Students. Social Psychology Of Education, 17, 293–306.
Vallerand, R. J. (2007). Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation In Sport And Physical Activity: A Review And A Look At The Future. Handbook Of Sport Psychology, 59–83.
Vansteenkiste, M., Simons, J., Lens, W., Sheldon, K. M., & Deci, E. L. (2004). Motivating Learning, Performance, And Persistence: The Synergistic Effects Of Intrinsic Goal Contents And Autonomy-Supportive Contexts. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 87(2), 246.
Zee, M., & Koomen, H. M. Y. (2016). Teacher Self-Efficacy And Its Effects On Classroom Processes, Student Academic Adjustment, And Teacher Well-Being: A Synthesis Of 40 Years Of Research. Review Of Educational Research, 86(4), 981–1015.
Amabile, T. M. (1993). Motivational Synergy: Toward New Conceptualizations Of Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation In The Workplace. Human Resource Management Review, 3(3), 185–201.
Attig, C., & Franke, T. (2019). I Track, Therefore I Walk–Exploring The Motivational Costs Of Wearing Activity Trackers In Actual Users. International Journal Of Human-Computer Studies, 127, 211–224.
Bhaduri, S., & Kumar, H. (2011). Extrinsic And Intrinsic Motivations To Innovate: Tracing The Motivation Of ‘Grassroot’ Innovators In India. Mind & Society, 10, 27–55.
Chernomas, W. M., & Shapiro, C. (2013). Stress, Depression, And Anxiety Among Undergraduate Nursing Students. International Journal Of Nursing Education Scholarship, 10(1), 255–266.
Chitiyo, J., & Pietrantoni, Z. (2019). The Impact Of Child Maltreatment On The Educational And Psychological Well-Being Of Students. Journal Of School Counseling, 17(18), N18.
Copp, D. (1997). Belief, Reason, And Motivation: Michael Smith’s" The Moral Problem". Ethics, 108(1), 33–54.
Cortiella, C., & Horowitz, S. H. (2014). The State Of Learning Disabilities: Facts, Trends And Emerging Issues. New York: National Center For Learning Disabilities, 25(3), 2–45.
Curcio, G., Ferrara, M., & De Gennaro, L. (2006). Sleep Loss, Learning Capacity And Academic Performance. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 10(5), 323–337.
Emda, A. (2018). Kedudukan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Dalam Pembelajaran. Lantanida Journal, 5(2), 172–182.
Filgona, J., Sakiyo, J., Gwany, D. M., & Okoronka, A. U. (2020). Motivation In Learning. Asian Journal Of Education And Social Studies, 10(4), 16–37.
Gunarsa, S. D. (2008). Psikologi Perkembangan Anak Dan Remaja. BPK Gunung Mulia.
Hamouda, A. (2013). An Exploration Of Causes Of Saudi Students’ Reluctance To Participate In The English Language Classroom. International Journal Of English Language Education, 1(1), 17–34.
Handayani, R. (2019). Pengaruh Lingkungan Tempat Tinggal Dan Pola Asuh Orangtua Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Tunas Bangsa, 6(1), 15–26.
Indonesia, T. R. K. B. B. (2018). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia.
John, D., Hussin, N., Zaini, M. K., Ametefe, D. S., Aliu, A. A., & Caliskan, A. (2023). Gamification Equilibrium: The Fulcrum For Balanced Intrinsic Motivation And Extrinsic Rewards In Learning Systems: Immersive Gamification In Muhamad Khairulnizam Zainilearning System. International Journal Of Serious Games, 10(3), 83–116.
Kanfer, R. (1990). Motivation Theory And Industrial And Organizational Psychology. Handbook Of Industrial And Organizational Psychology, 1(2), 75–130.
Kumar, B., Shah, M. A. A., Kumari, R., Kumar, A., Kumar, J., & Tahir, A. (2019). Depression, Anxiety, And Stress Among Final-Year Medical Students. Cureus, 11(3).
Leonard, K. L., Serneels, P., & Brock, J. M. (2013). Intrinsic Motivation. The Labor Market For Health Workers In Africa: A New Look At The Crisis, 255–283.
Locke, E. A., & Schattke, K. (2019). Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation: Time For Expansion And Clarification. Motivation Science, 5(4), 277.
Malik, M. A. R., Choi, J. N., & Butt, A. N. (2019). Distinct Effects Of Intrinsic Motivation And Extrinsic Rewards On Radical And Incremental Creativity: The Moderating Role Of Goal Orientations. Journal Of Organizational Behavior, 40(9–10), 1013–1026.
Malik, R. S. (2018). Educational Challenges In 21st Century And Sustainable Development. Journal Of Sustainable Development Education And Research, 2(1), 9–20.
Malone, T. W., & Lepper, M. R. (2021). Making Learning Fun: A Taxonomy Of Intrinsic Motivations For Learning. In Aptitude, Learning, And Instruction (Pp. 223–254). Routledge.
Matondang, A. (2018). Pengaruh Antara Minat Dan Motivasi Dengan Prestasi Belajar. Bahastra: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 2(2), 24–32.
Morales-Rodríguez, F. M., Espigares-López, I., Brown, T., & Pérez-Mármol, J. M. (2020). The Relationship Between Psychological Well-Being And Psychosocial Factors In University Students. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 17(13), 4778.
Oudeyer, P.-Y., Gottlieb, J., & Lopes, M. (2016). Intrinsic Motivation, Curiosity, And Learning: Theory And Applications In Educational Technologies. Progress In Brain Research, 229, 257–284.
Parfit, D., & Broome, J. (1997). Reasons And Motivation. Proceedings Of The Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volumes, 71, 99–146.
Quinlan, M. M., Bates, B. R., & Angell, M. E. (2012). ‘What Can I Do To Help?’: Postsecondary Students With Learning Disabilities’ Perceptions Of Instructors’ Classroom Accommodations. Journal Of Research In Special Educational Needs, 12(4), 224–233.
Robinson, L. J., Stevens, L. H., Threapleton, C. J. D., Vainiute, J., Mcallister-Williams, R. H., & Gallagher, P. (2012). Effects Of Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation On Attention And Memory. Acta Psychologica, 141(2), 243–249.
Seven, M. A. (2020). Motivation In Language Learning And Teaching. African Educational Research Journal, 8, 62–71.
Sverdlik, A., Hall, N. C., Mcalpine, L., & Hubbard, K. (2018). The Phd Experience: A Review Of The Factors Influencing Doctoral Students’ Completion, Achievement, And Well-Being. International Journal Of Doctoral Studies, 13, 361–388.
Thaariq, Z. Z. A., Kuswandi, D., Diana, R. C., & Shelinawati, U. (2019). Factors That Influence Outstanding Student (Mawapres) In Learning Motivation. JPP (Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran), 26(2), 60–64.
Trevino, N. N., & Defreitas, S. C. (2014). The Relationship Between Intrinsic Motivation And Academic Achievement For First Generation Latino College Students. Social Psychology Of Education, 17, 293–306.
Vallerand, R. J. (2007). Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation In Sport And Physical Activity: A Review And A Look At The Future. Handbook Of Sport Psychology, 59–83.
Vansteenkiste, M., Simons, J., Lens, W., Sheldon, K. M., & Deci, E. L. (2004). Motivating Learning, Performance, And Persistence: The Synergistic Effects Of Intrinsic Goal Contents And Autonomy-Supportive Contexts. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 87(2), 246.
Zee, M., & Koomen, H. M. Y. (2016). Teacher Self-Efficacy And Its Effects On Classroom Processes, Student Academic Adjustment, And Teacher Well-Being: A Synthesis Of 40 Years Of Research. Review Of Educational Research, 86(4), 981–1015.
Published
2023-12-20
Section
Articles
