Article Sidebar

Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 0 Download : 0

Main Article Content

Abstract

It is often excluded from the handling of illegal logging and deforestation is the release of the socio-economic aspects in problem solving deforestation and forestry development. The purpose of this study was to: 1. Identify the socio-economic characteristics of the migrant who become illegal loggers, 2. Analyze the amount of illegal loggers' income and its allocation to the consumption, and 3. Develop a strategy to overcome illegal logging and forest deforestation based on the socio-economic characteristics of the logger. The analysis showed that socio-economic conditions of the migrant who become illegal loggers illustrates that they are still a low level of education and have productive age. Income earned Rp 4,301,211.00/year/family, lower than the income of Rp 33,070,945.00/year/family after migrating. Income get from illegal logging are Rp 13.087.945/year/family. Average migrant allocates 60.81 % of its total income for consumption, and the remaining 39.19 % is allocated to farming and non-farming activities. This study suggests that there should be an increase in revenue breakthrough in the area of origin to be able to suppress the migration process becomes illegal loggers to other areas. Low income is the core problem of farmers to migrate. Required two basic designs: (1) social engineering with community and (2) technical engineering in the direction of the multiproduct and multifunctional forest benefits to overcome the problems of forestry in the long run.

Keywords

Illegal logging Migrant Social economic

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

References

  1. BPS. Statistik Indonesia 2023. Badan Pusat Statistik; 2023. 780 p.
  2. Folke C, Carpenter S, Elmqvist T, Gunderson L, Holling CS, Walker B. Resilience and sustainable development: building adaptive capacity in a world of transformations. AMBIO: A J. of the Human Environment. 2002;31(5):437–40.
  3. BPS. Jumlah tenaga kerja industri besar dan sedang menurut sub sektor [KBLI] 2020 (Orang), 2018-2020 [Internet]. Badan Pusat Statistik; 2020 [cited 2023 May 16]. Available from: https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/9/730/1/jumlah-tenaga-kerja-industri-besar-dan-sedang-menurut-sub-sektor-kbli-2009-.html
  4. Sudrajat D. Problems of illegal logging cases in Indonesia from the view of criminal law. Legal Brief. 2022;11(1):82–9.
  5. Barbier EB, Bockstael N, Burgess JC, Strand I. The timber trade and tropical deforestation in Indonesia. LEEC Paper DP 93-01. London Enviromental Economics Centre. 1993.
  6. Fraser AI. Social, economic and political aspect of forest clearance and land-use planning in Indonesia. In: Maloney BK, editor. Human Activities and the Tropical Rainforest. Dordrecht: Springer; 1998.
  7. Torres-Rojo JM. Illegal logging and the productivity trap of timber production in Mexico. Forests. 2021;12(7):838.
  8. Piabuo SM, Minang PA, Tieguhong CJ, Foundjem-Tita D, Nghobuoche F. Illegal logging, governance effectiveness and carbon dioxide emission in the timber-producing countries of Congo Basin and Asia. Environment, Development, and Sustainability. 2021;23:14176–196.
  9. Ranselengo FR. Legal analysis for mangrove illegal logging in Sangkub area. Estudiante Law Journal. 2020;2(1):88–101.
  10. Astuti EW, Hidayat A, Nurrochmat DR. Community forest scheme: Measuring impact in livelihood case study Lombok Tengah Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika. 2020;26(1):52–8.
  11. Dekiawati ES. Law enforcement on illegal logging in Indonesia: Problems and challenges in present and the future. Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development. 2022;1(1):47–68.
  12. Cubbage FW, Davis RR, Paredes DR, Mollenhauer R, Elsin YK, Frey GE, et al. Community forestry enterprises in Mexico: Sustainability and competitiveness. Journal of Sustainable Forestry. 2015;34:623–50.
  13. Adriani D. Keragaan pasar kerja pertanian-non pertanian dan migrasi desa-kota: Telaah periode krisis ekonomi. SOCA. 2006;6(1):1-4.
  14. Sukwika T, Darusman D, Kusmana C, Nurrochmat DR. Policy scenarios for managing of sustainability private-forests in Bogor Regency. Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management. 2018;8(2):207–15.
  15. Ofoegbu C., Chirwa PW, Francis J, Babalola FD. Socio-economic factors influencing household dependence on forests and its implication for forest-based climate change interventions. Southern Forests: A Journal of Forest Science. 2017;79(2):109–16.
  16. Adri. Kontestasi politik identitas dalam fenomena illegal logging di perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia Studi di Kecamatan Badau dan Lanjak, Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Journal Communication Spectrum. 2011;1(1):75–90.
  17. Torres-Rojo JM, Moreno-Sánchez R, Mendoza-Briseño MA. Sustainable Forest Management in Mexico. Curr. For. Rep. 2016;2:93–105.
  18. Wang C, Yang Y, Zhang Y. Economic development, rural livelihoods, and ecological restoration: Evidence from China. AMBIO. 2011;40:78-87.
  19. Arif LOK, Taufik Y, Abadi M. The empowered village community development model South Konawe Regency coastal region (study of the underdeveloped village of the coastal region of South Konawe Regency). Anjoro: International Journal of Agriculture and Business. 2020;1(2):37–44.
  20. Boonstra WJ, de Boer FW. The historical dynamics of social–ecological traps. AMBIO. 2014;43:260–74.