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Abstract
Penelitian ini menganalisis penerapan Problem Based Learning (PBL) dalam pembelajaran fisika di SMA serta dampaknya pada keterampilan abad-21. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur terhadap artikel penelitian, buku, dan dokumen relevan yang diterbitkan antara 2018 hingga 2025. Sumber literatur dipilih berdasarkan kriteria: relevansi dengan pembelajaran fisika, fokus pada keterampilan 4C (berpikir kritis, kreativitas, kolaborasi, komunikasi), penerapan metode interdisipliner seperti STEM atau STEAM, dan publikasi dalam jurnal bereputasi atau buku akademik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa PBL secara signifikan meningkatkan keterampilan 4C siswa, terutama dalam analisis masalah, inovasi solusi, kerja sama, dan komunikasi. Pendekatan STEAM paling dominan karena mengintegrasikan pembelajaran berbasis proyek dengan konteks dunia nyata. Selain itu, pendekatan Cultural Responsive Teaching (CRT) mulai digunakan untuk mengakomodasi keberagaman budaya, meningkatkan relevansi pembelajaran, dan mendukung kebutuhan siswa secara individual. Studi ini merekomendasikan pengembangan desain PBL yang mengintegrasikan pendekatan STEAM dan CRT untuk memaksimalkan hasil belajar siswa di era globalisasi.
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