Article Sidebar

Submitted
Mar 8, 2026
Published
Mar 31, 2026
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 26 Download : 7

Main Article Content

Abstract

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the most important plantation commodities that contributes significantly to local economic development, particularly in West Sulawesi. However, cocoa productivity often declines due to insect pest attacks. This study aimed to determine the species composition and dominance of insect pests attacking cocoa plants in Rembak Hamlet, Bambang Buda Village, East Rantebulahan District, Mamasa Regency. This research employed a descriptive exploratory method with purposive sampling applied to three cocoa plantation sites, each divided into three subunits measuring 10 m × 5 m. Insect pests were collected using two techniques: direct sampling and soap water traps. The results revealed the presence of ten insect pest species attacking cocoa plants, namely Helopeltis spp., Aulacophora nigripennis, Hyposidra talaca, Planococcus minor, Conopomorpha cramerella, Dolichoderus thoracicus, Adoretus spp., Zeuzera coffeae, Pheidole megacephala, and Camponotus spp. These pests attacked several plant parts, particularly fruits, leaves, and stems, causing various types of damage such as fruit spots, perforated leaves, and stem borings. The analysis indicated that Planococcus minor was the most dominant pest species found on cocoa plants in the study area. The presence of these insect pests may reduce both the quality and quantity of cocoa production. Therefore, appropriate pest management strategies are necessary to support the sustainability of cocoa production in the region

Keywords

Species composition Pest dominance Insect pests Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

References

  1. Al Khudri, S., & Marta, D. (2018). Identifikasi dan observasi hama pada tanaman kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) di Desa Cubadak Kecamatan Lima Kaum Kabupaten Tanah Datar. Pustaka: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 5(2), 200–205.
  2. Ali, N. Z., Sijid, S. A., & Sid, H. (2024). Observasi dan identifikasi serangga pada tanaman kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) di KHDTK Borsallo Kabupaten Gowa. Filogeni: Jurnal Mahasiswa Biologi, 4(1), 7–78. https://doi.org/10.24527/filogeni.v4i1.3676
  3. Anuar, S. F. (2022). Eksplorasi dan karakterisasi morfologi tanaman kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) rakyat di Kecamatan Pulau Punjung dan IX Koto Kabupaten Dharmasraya (Skripsi). Universitas Andalas. https://scholar.unand.ac.id/115513/
  4. Astriyani, N. K., Suartini, N. M., & Sudana, I. P. (2016). Kelimpahan populasi dan persentase serangan lalat buah (Bactrocera spp.) pada tanaman buah-buahan di Bali. Journal of Agricultural Science and Biotechnology, 5(1), 19–27.
  5. Ayu Juliasih, N. K., Arsana, I. N., & Sri Puspa Adi, N. (2023). Budidaya kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) di Cau Chocolate Bali. Jurnal Widya Biologi, 13(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.37995/widyabiologi.v13i01.23569
  6. Azis, A. L., Dewi, V. S., Ema, E., & Rosmana, A. (2025). Eksplorasi cendawan Rhizoctonia tanaman kakao klon lokal kota Polewali Sulawesi Barat. Jurnal Pertanian Berkelanjutan, 13(2), 242–254.
  7. Barrowman, J. A., & Mayston, P. D. (1974). Proceedings: The trophic influence of cholecystokinin on the rat pancreas. The Journal of Physiology, 238(3), 73P–75P. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4838847
  8. Calcetas, O. A., Adorada, J. R., Cauilia, B. L., Rosales, A. M., & Dimapilis, F. (2021). New records of scarab insect pests of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science, 150(5), 1197–1206. https://doi.org/10.5699/jos.150.05
  9. Diniyah, A. N., Akbar, M., Ahmad, G., Akbar, P., Nurjaman, A., & Bernard, M. (2018). Analisis kemampuan pemahaman dan self confidence siswa SMA dalam materi peluang. Journal on Education, 1(1), 14–21.
  10. Farhanandi, B. W., & Indah, N. K. (2022). Karakteristik morfologi dan anatomi tanaman kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) yang tumbuh pada ketinggian berbeda. Berkala Ilmiah Biologi, 11(2), 310–325. https://doi.org/10.26740/lenterabio.v11n2.p310-325
  11. Geke, H., Kaesmetan, Y. R., Prasetyo, D., & Saitakela, M. (2022). Identifikasi penyakit pada tanaman kakao menggunakan Promethee. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sistem Informasi dan Teknologi (SISFOTEK), 215–219.
  12. Indriati, G., Soesanthy, F., & Hapsari, A. D. (2014). Pengendalian Helopeltis spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) pada tanaman kakao mendukung pertanian terpadu ramah lingkungan. Proceedings of the Pest Management of Helopeltis spp., 179–188.
  13. Jagdale, P., Magdum, S., Kalawate, A. S., Kajale, S., & Shouche, Y. (2023). First record and DNA barcode of a scarab beetle Adoretus kananensis Arrow, 1917 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) from Maharashtra, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 15(6), 23425–23430. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.8439.15.6.23425-23430
  14. Jameson, M. L., & McQuate, G. T. (2011). Distinguishing male and female Chinese rose beetles (Adoretus sinicus) with an overview of Adoretus species of biosecurity concern. Journal of Insect Science, 11(1), 64.
  15. Jimmy Rimbing, & Engka, R. A. G. (2022). Pengenalan hama-hama tanaman kakao dan pengendaliannya. Jurnal Unsrat, 5(3), 248–253.
  16. Kasarua, A. W., Mukkun, L., Kleden, Y. L., & Widinugraheni, S. (2024). Identifikasi serangga hama pada tanaman kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) di Desa Borokanda Kecamatan Ende Utara Kabupaten Ende. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pertanian, 22–34.
  17. Keytimu, V., Jeksen, J., & Beja, H. (2023). Hama dan penyakit pada tanaman kakao. JIPM: Jurnal Informasi Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1(4), 60–67. https://doi.org/10.47861/jipm-nalanda.v1i4.545
  18. Klau, A. N. E., & Humoen, M. I. (2024). Identifikasi gejala serangan hama pada buah kakao di PT. Timor Mitra Niaga Malaka, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kontribusi Vokasi, 71–78.
  19. Lestari, P., & Purnomo, P. (2018). Intensitas serangan hama penggerek batang kakao di perkebunan rakyat Cipadang, Gedongtataan, Pesawaran. Jurnal Agro Industri Perkebunan, 6(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.25181/jaip.v6i1.746
  20. Martono, B. (2014). Karakteristik morfologi dan kegiatan plasma nutfah tanaman kakao. Dalam Inovasi Teknologi Bioindustri Kakao (hlm. 15–28).
  21. Ramadhan, R. A. M., Amalia, I. S., Azizah, D. N., & Nurhidayah, S. (2023). Keragaman dan dominasi serangga nokturnal di inkubator Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya. Agroscript: Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 5(2), 101–114. https://doi.org/10.36423/agroscript.v5i2.1249
  22. Rensa, R. (2023). Efektivitas program pembuatan pupuk organik padat dari limbah kulit kakao terhadap produktivitas kakao petani di Desa Saludengen Kecamatan Bambang. Jurnal Agroterpadu, 2(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.35329/ja.v2i1.3894
  23. Supriati, R., Sari, W. P., & Dianty, N. (2019). Identifikasi jenis semut famili Formicidae di kawasan taman wisata alam Pantai Panjang Pulau Baai Kota Bengkulu. Konservasi Hayati, 15(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.33369/hayati.v15i1.10941
  24. Suparman, Nurdin, M. R. T. J. P., & Fausan, M. M. (2024). Diversitas dan distribusi spasial kumbang tinja (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) pada dua tipe habitat di Sulawesi Barat. Indonesian Journal of Ecology and Conservation, 1(2), 29–40.
  25. Wangge, M. M. N., & Mago, O. Y. T. (2021). Keanekaragaman arthropoda musuh alami hama tanaman kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) pada perkebunan polikultur di Desa Hokeng Jaya Kecamatan Wulanggitang Kabupaten Flores Timur. Spizaetus: Jurnal Biologi dan Pendidikan Biologi, 2(1), 47–52. https://doi.org/10.55241/spibio.v2i1.32
  26. Wati, C., Arsi, A., Karenina, T., Riyanto, R., Nirwanto, Y., Nurcahya, I., Melani, D., Astuti, D., Septiarini, D., Purba, S. R. F., Ramdan, E. P., & Nurul, D. (2021). Fullbook hama dan penyakit tanaman. Myrmecological News, 17, 51–62.
  27. Yuniasari, N., Yuliastanti, N., Himawan, T., & Rizali, A. (2021). Habitat conditions and the presence of trophobiont affect the diversity and abundance of ants in cocoa plantations. Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia, 18(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.18.1.1.